# 1000 most common Esperanto words – list and download

Source: https://esperantopedia.org/learn/common-words/
Language: en
Updated: 2026-10-11

> The 100 most common Esperanto words cover 55% of the words in everyday sentences, the top 1,000 cover 78%. List with meanings, CSV and Anki files.

The 100 most common Esperanto words make up **55.2% of all words** in a corpus of 5.8 million words of Esperanto sentences. The 500 most common make up 72.2%, and the 1,000 most common make up **78.4%**. Below are the first 300 words with English meanings. All 1,000 are in a free [CSV](/downloads/esperanto-1000-common-words.csv) file and an [Anki](/downloads/esperanto-1000-common-words-anki.txt) file for flashcards. To learn them, use the [flashcards](https://esperantopedia.org/tools/flashcards/).

**How many words do you need?** Know the 100 most common words and you recognise 55.2% of all words in everyday Esperanto sentences; know 1,000 and it is 78.4%. After that, each new word adds less – which is why we start with the most common ones. Counted on 822,296 sentences (5,831,657 words) from Tatoeba (CC BY 2.0 FR). Word list: Esperantopedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.

## Download the 1,000-word list

| File | Format | Contents |
|---|---|---|
| [CSV](/downloads/esperanto-1000-common-words.csv) | UTF-8, comma-separated, 1,000 rows plus a header | `rank`, `word`, `part_of_speech`, `english`, `per_million` |
| [Anki](/downloads/esperanto-1000-common-words-anki.txt) | UTF-8, tab-separated, one word per line | the word, then its English meaning |

The column `per_million` shows how often the word occurs in one million words of the corpus. If letters such as *ĉ* and *ŝ* look wrong in a spreadsheet, import the CSV file as UTF-8.

In Anki, import the text file from the main window. Anki detects the tab separator; you then choose which column goes to which field of the card, for example the first column to the front and the second to the back.

Both files are free to copy, share and adapt under the licence [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Credit "Esperantopedia (esperantopedia.org)" and share your version under the same licence. The files build on sentences from Tatoeba (CC BY 2.0 FR), meanings from Wiktionary (CC BY-SA 4.0) and ESPDIC by Paul Denisowski (CC BY 3.0). See the sources at the end of this page.

## How much of a text do the most common words cover?

A few words do most of the work. The 10 most common words alone make up more than a quarter of all words in the corpus.

| Most common words | Share of all words in the corpus |
|---|---|
| 10 | 26.9% |
| 25 | 38.4% |
| 50 | 47.3% |
| 100 | 55.2% |
| 200 | 63.2% |
| 300 | 67.4% |
| 500 | 72.2% |
| 750 | 75.9% |
| 1,000 | 78.4% |
| 1,500 | 81.8% |
| 2,000 | 84.0% |
| 3,000 | 86.6% |

The curve flattens quickly. The first 64 words reach 50%, 394 words reach 70%, 1,207 words reach 80%, and about 2,300 words reach 85%.

The last few percent are spread over a long tail of rare words. Part of the corpus can never be covered by a vocabulary list: 1.2% of all words are names that we left out, and another 2.5% were not recognised as Esperanto words (mostly names such as *Tom* and *Mary*, abbreviations and typing errors).

The written-text list on [Vocabulary](https://esperantopedia.org/learn/vocabulary/) gives similar figures: its top 100 cover 52.7% and its top 1,000 cover 76.2% of a different corpus.

## What the list contains

**Grammar words dominate the first hundred.** Of the first 100 words, 59 are grammar words: the article, pronouns, possessives, correlatives, prepositions, conjunctions, particles and numbers. In the whole list there are 119 of them, and together they make up 44.4% of all words in the corpus. Thirty-three are correlatives, which come from one table of 45 words (see [correlatives](https://esperantopedia.org/grammar/correlatives/)).

**Verbs carry a lot of text.** The 313 verbs in the list make up 17.6% of all words, the 359 nouns only 8.7%. The pronoun *mi* "I" is number 2 and *vi* "you" number 4. In the written-text list on [Vocabulary](https://esperantopedia.org/learn/vocabulary/), *mi* is only number 7.

The ten most common words of each class:

| Class | Ten most common words |
|---|---|
| Verbs | *esti* "to be", *povi* "can", *havi* "to have", *fari* "to do", *diri* "to say", *voli* "to want", *scii* "to know", *devi* "must", *iri* "to go", *ŝati* "to like" |
| Nouns | *homo* "person", *tempo* "time", *libro* "book", *infano* "child", *jaro* "year", *lingvo* "language", *vivo* "life", *tago* "day", *domo* "house", *mono* "money" |
| Adjectives | *bona* "good", *alia* "other", *granda* "big", *multa* "much, many", *bela* "beautiful", *nova* "new", *tuta* "whole", *kelka* "some", *sola* "alone", *unua* "first" |
| Adverbs | *pli* "more", *tre* "very", *nur* "only", *plej* "most", *nun* "now", *jam* "already", *bone* "well", *ankoraŭ* "still", *multe* "a lot", *vere* "really" |

## Esperanto words 1–100

| # | Esperanto | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | *la* | the |
| 2 | *mi* | I, me |
| 3 | *esti* | to be |
| 4 | *vi* | you |
| 5 | *ne* | no, not |
| 6 | *li* | he, him |
| 7 | *de* | of, from, by |
| 8 | *al* | to, towards |
| 9 | *en* | in, into |
| 10 | *ke* | that (conjunction) |
| 11 | *kaj* | and |
| 12 | *tio* | that (thing) |
| 13 | *ĉu* | whether; marks a yes/no question |
| 14 | *ni* | we, us |
| 15 | *ŝi* | she, her |
| 16 | *tiu* | that (one) |
| 17 | *mia* | my, mine |
| 18 | *por* | for, in order to |
| 19 | *povi* | can, to be able to |
| 20 | *kiu* | who, which |
| 21 | *havi* | to have |
| 22 | *ili* | they, them |
| 23 | *ĉi* | this, here (as in *tiu ĉi*) |
| 24 | *ĝi* | it |
| 25 | *sia* | his/her/its/their own |
| 26 | *pri* | about, concerning |
| 27 | *fari* | to do |
| 28 | *kio* | what |
| 29 | *via* | your, yours |
| 30 | *diri* | to say, to tell |
| 31 | *voli* | to want |
| 32 | *pli* | more |
| 33 | *kun* | with |
| 34 | *kiel* | how, like, as |
| 35 | *scii* | to know (a fact) |
| 36 | *oni* | one, people (in general) |
| 37 | *ĉiu* | every, each, everyone |
| 38 | *da* | of (after a quantity) |
| 39 | *devi* | to have to, must, should |
| 40 | *iri* | to go |
| 41 | *tie* | there |
| 42 | *sed* | but |
| 43 | *kiam* | when |
| 44 | *tre* | very |
| 45 | *el* | out of, from |
| 46 | *se* | if |
| 47 | *ŝati* | to like |
| 48 | *ol* | than |
| 49 | *lia* | his |
| 50 | *paroli* | to speak, to talk |
| 51 | *nur* | only, just |
| 52 | *vidi* | to see |
| 53 | *sur* | on |
| 54 | *plej* | most |
| 55 | *homo* | person, human being |
| 56 | *per* | by means of, with |
| 57 | *bona* | good |
| 58 | *unu* | one |
| 59 | *je* | general preposition (*je la tria*: at three o'clock) |
| 60 | *nia* | our, ours |
| 61 | *veni* | to come |
| 62 | *dum* | during, while |
| 63 | *alia* | other, another |
| 64 | *kial* | why |
| 65 | *io* | something |
| 66 | *nun* | now |
| 67 | *kredi* | to believe |
| 68 | *tiel* | so, thus, like that |
| 69 | *pro* | because of |
| 70 | *jam* | already |
| 71 | *neniam* | never |
| 72 | *bone* | well |
| 73 | *kie* | where |
| 74 | *si* | oneself, himself, herself, themselves |
| 75 | *iu* | someone, some |
| 76 | *ĉio* | everything, all |
| 77 | *ankoraŭ* | still, yet |
| 78 | *tempo* | time |
| 79 | *ĉiam* | always |
| 80 | *pensi* | to think |
| 81 | *granda* | big, large |
| 82 | *multa* | much, many |
| 83 | *manĝi* | to eat |
| 84 | *bezoni* | to need |
| 85 | *aŭ* | or |
| 86 | *antaŭ* | before, in front of |
| 87 | *neniu* | nobody, no one, none |
| 88 | *libro* | book |
| 89 | *infano* | child |
| 90 | *jaro* | year |
| 91 | *lingvo* | language |
| 92 | *multe* | a lot, much |
| 93 | *kiom* | how much, how many |
| 94 | *vere* | truly, really |
| 95 | *vivo* | life |
| 96 | *tago* | day |
| 97 | *okazi* | to happen |
| 98 | *ŝia* | her, hers |
| 99 | *trovi* | to find |
| 100 | *du* | two |

## Esperanto words 101–200

| # | Esperanto | English |
|---|---|---|
| 101 | *doni* | to give |
| 102 | *post* | after, behind |
| 103 | *domo* | house |
| 104 | *ĉe* | at, by |
| 105 | *nenio* | nothing |
| 106 | *hodiaŭ* | today |
| 107 | *tro* | too, too much |
| 108 | *ankaŭ* | also, too |
| 109 | *plu* | further, any more |
| 110 | *helpi* | to help |
| 111 | *aĉeti* | to buy |
| 112 | *resti* | to remain, stay |
| 113 | *mono* | money |
| 114 | *afero* | thing, matter |
| 115 | *ĉar* | because |
| 116 | *amiko* | friend |
| 117 | *bela* | beautiful, pretty |
| 118 | *nova* | new |
| 119 | *tute* | completely, entirely |
| 120 | *peti* | to ask for, to request |
| 121 | *kompreni* | to understand |
| 122 | *eĉ* | even |
| 123 | *tuta* | whole, entire |
| 124 | *bonvoli* | to be so kind as to (*bonvolu*: please) |
| 125 | *laboro* | job, work |
| 126 | *labori* | to work |
| 127 | *ĝis* | until, up to |
| 128 | *jen* | here is, behold |
| 129 | *vivi* | to live |
| 130 | *iom* | some, a little |
| 131 | *atendi* | to wait |
| 132 | *laŭ* | according to, along |
| 133 | *patro* | father |
| 134 | *sen* | without |
| 135 | *rigardi* | to look at, to watch |
| 136 | *provi* | to try |
| 137 | *lerni* | to learn |
| 138 | *aŭto* | car |
| 139 | *tiom* | so much, that much |
| 140 | *legi* | to read |
| 141 | *vorto* | word |
| 142 | *tri* | three |
| 143 | *kelka* | some, a few |
| 144 | *aŭdi* | to hear |
| 145 | *ami* | to love |
| 146 | *loĝi* | to live, to dwell |
| 147 | *horo* | hour |
| 148 | *deziri* | to desire, wish |
| 149 | *ofte* | often |
| 150 | *ajn* | any, -ever (with ki- and i- words) |
| 151 | *senti* | to feel |
| 152 | *sola* | alone, only, sole |
| 153 | *mem* | oneself (emphasis), -self |
| 154 | *mondo* | world |
| 155 | *problemo* | problem, trouble |
| 156 | *viro* | man |
| 157 | *hundo* | dog |
| 158 | *kia* | what kind of |
| 159 | *eble* | possibly |
| 160 | *lasi* | to let, to leave |
| 161 | *koni* | to know (a person or place) |
| 162 | *tia* | such, that kind of |
| 163 | *ŝajni* | to seem |
| 164 | *hejme* | at home |
| 165 | *lando* | country, land |
| 166 | *uzi* | to use |
| 167 | *morgaŭ* | tomorrow |
| 168 | *hieraŭ* | yesterday |
| 169 | *preni* | to take |
| 170 | *opinii* | to think (to have an opinion) |
| 171 | *iam* | sometime, ever |
| 172 | *ludi* | to play |
| 173 | *patrino* | mother |
| 174 | *virino* | woman |
| 175 | *ĉambro* | room |
| 176 | *inter* | between, among |
| 177 | *alveni* | to arrive |
| 178 | *kontraŭ* | against, opposite |
| 179 | *ekzisti* | to exist |
| 180 | *unua* | first |
| 181 | *akvo* | water |
| 182 | *morti* | to die, pass away |
| 183 | *skribi* | to write |
| 184 | *lernejo* | school |
| 185 | *franca* | French |
| 186 | *sukcesi* | to succeed |
| 187 | *ja* | indeed, certainly (emphasis) |
| 188 | *demandi* | to ask (a question) |
| 189 | *urbo* | city, town |
| 190 | *foriri* | to leave, go away |
| 191 | *forgesi* | to forget |
| 192 | *trinki* | to drink |
| 193 | *angla* | English |
| 194 | *rajti* | to have the right to, may |
| 195 | *do* | so, then, therefore |
| 196 | *frazo* | sentence, phrase |
| 197 | *dek* | ten |
| 198 | *tuj* | immediately, at once |
| 199 | *nomo* | name |
| 200 | *aspekti* | to look, to appear |

## Esperanto words 201–300

| # | Esperanto | English |
|---|---|---|
| 201 | *demando* | question |
| 202 | *kato* | cat |
| 203 | *iĝi* | to become |
| 204 | *viziti* | to visit |
| 205 | *kapabli* | to be capable of, to be able to |
| 206 | *perdi* | to lose |
| 207 | *ricevi* | to receive, to get |
| 208 | *Dio* | God, god |
| 209 | *reveni* | to come back, return |
| 210 | *rapide* | quickly |
| 211 | *preskaŭ* | almost, nearly |
| 212 | *timi* | to fear |
| 213 | *ilia* | their, theirs |
| 214 | *sufiĉe* | enough, sufficiently |
| 215 | *dormi* | to sleep |
| 216 | *longe* | for a long time, long |
| 217 | *pordo* | door, gate |
| 218 | *knabo* | boy |
| 219 | *ĉesi* | to stop, to cease |
| 220 | *plaĉi* | to please, to be liked by |
| 221 | *frato* | brother |
| 222 | *esperi* | to hope |
| 223 | *okulo* | eye |
| 224 | *komenci* | to begin, to start |
| 225 | *mano* | hand |
| 226 | *vero* | truth |
| 227 | *tiam* | then, at that time |
| 228 | *knabino* | girl |
| 229 | *malbona* | bad |
| 230 | *edzino* | wife |
| 231 | *renkonti* | to meet, to encounter |
| 232 | *ideo* | idea |
| 233 | *instruisto* | teacher |
| 234 | *loko* | place |
| 235 | *simple* | simply |
| 236 | *necesi* | to be necessary |
| 237 | *filo* | son |
| 238 | *persono* | person |
| 239 | *serĉi* | to look for, to search |
| 240 | *studi* | to study |
| 241 | *gepatro* | parent |
| 242 | *vojo* | way, road |
| 243 | *meti* | to put |
| 244 | *montri* | to show |
| 245 | *baldaŭ* | soon |
| 246 | *denove* | again |
| 247 | *juna* | young |
| 248 | *lasta* | last |
| 249 | *memori* | to remember |
| 250 | *ebli* | to be possible |
| 251 | *grava* | important |
| 252 | *longa* | long |
| 253 | *feliĉa* | happy |
| 254 | *eraro* | mistake, error |
| 255 | *amo* | love |
| 256 | *tra* | through |
| 257 | *letero* | letter |
| 258 | *atingi* | to reach, to attain |
| 259 | *troviĝi* | to be found |
| 260 | *aŭskulti* | to listen |
| 261 | *fratino* | sister |
| 262 | *arbo* | tree |
| 263 | *apud* | next to, beside |
| 264 | *scipovi* | to know how to, to be able to |
| 265 | *nek* | neither, nor |
| 266 | *antaŭe* | before, earlier |
| 267 | *decidi* | to decide |
| 268 | *malgranda* | small |
| 269 | *nokto* | night |
| 270 | *eliri* | to go out |
| 271 | *respondi* | to answer |
| 272 | *vespere* | in the evening |
| 273 | *semajno* | week |
| 274 | *propra* | own |
| 275 | *certe* | certainly, surely |
| 276 | *fojo* | time, occasion |
| 277 | *sama* | same |
| 278 | *vera* | true |
| 279 | *poste* | afterwards, later |
| 280 | *sub* | under, below |
| 281 | *familio* | family |
| 282 | *fariĝi* | to become |
| 283 | *frue* | early |
| 284 | *Esperanto* | Esperanto (the language) |
| 285 | *ĵus* | just now |
| 286 | *ambaŭ* | both |
| 287 | *sidi* | to sit |
| 288 | *pagi* | to pay |
| 289 | *eniri* | to enter |
| 290 | *alta* | high, tall |
| 291 | *ŝanĝi* | to change |
| 292 | *kafo* | coffee |
| 293 | *kvin* | five |
| 294 | *kuracisto* | doctor |
| 295 | *facile* | easily |
| 296 | *ekde* | since, from (a time) |
| 297 | *malpli* | less |
| 298 | *helpo* | help, aid |
| 299 | *tablo* | table |
| 300 | *ruĝa* | red |

## Esperanto words 301–1000

The CSV and Anki files continue to word 1,000. Words 301–1000 are mostly everyday nouns, verbs and adjectives, for example *fenestro* "window" (301), *trajno* "train" (307), *ĝardeno* "garden" (352) and *flughaveno* "airport" (984). The 1,000th word, *fingro* "finger", occurs about 86 times in every million words, or 503 times in the whole corpus.

## How this list differs from the Vocabulary page

The [Vocabulary](https://esperantopedia.org/learn/vocabulary/) page ranks words from the Tekstaro, a corpus of written Esperanto texts. This page ranks words from short, everyday sentences. The core is the same: 75 of the 100 words in the Vocabulary list are also in the top 100 here, and all 100 are in the top 1,000 here.

| | This page | [Vocabulary](https://esperantopedia.org/learn/vocabulary/) |
|---|---|---|
| Corpus | Tatoeba: 822,296 sentences, 5.8 million words | Tekstaro: more than 10 million words |
| Type of text | Short everyday sentences, many of them translated | Zamenhof's works, other classics and more recent texts |
| Words listed | 1,000 (300 on this page) | 100 |
| Top 100 cover | 55.2% | 52.7% |
| Top 1,000 cover | 78.4% | 76.2% |

The words that appear only in the Tekstaro top 100 are mostly small grammar words just below our top 100, such as *ankaŭ* "also" (108), *ĉar* "because" (115) and *eĉ* "even" (122), and words typical of written Esperanto: *Esperanto* (284) and *internacia* "international" (952). The words that appear only in our top 100 are everyday verbs and nouns: *iri* "to go", *ŝati* "to like", *paroli* "to speak", *pensi* "to think", *manĝi* "to eat", *libro* "book" and *infano* "child".

## How to learn the list

Learn the words in sentences, not as a bare list. The free [course](https://esperantopedia.org/learn/course/) teaches grammar and vocabulary in context, and the [dictionary](https://esperantopedia.org/dictionary/) shows example sentences for many words.

Learn the correlatives as a system. A table of 45 words (*kiu, tiu, iu, ĉiu, neniu* and their relatives *kio, kia, kie, kiam…*) gives 33 entries of this list. Memorising the pattern is faster than memorising 33 separate words; see [correlatives](https://esperantopedia.org/grammar/correlatives/).

Use affixes to get more words than the list contains. By our word-building analyser, the 881 entries that are not grammar words are built from about 640 roots, and 42 entries begin with *mal-* (*bona* "good" – *malbona* "bad"). Once you know a root and the common affixes, many words not on the list become guessable. See [word building](https://esperantopedia.org/grammar/word-building/).

For estimates of the study time that a working vocabulary takes, see [How long does it take to learn Esperanto?](https://esperantopedia.org/learn/how-long/). The figures there are rough and come from old studies.

## How was the list made?

1. **Corpus.** We used all 822,296 Esperanto sentences in the Tatoeba export that we downloaded on 7 October 2026, counting every sentence once. Tatoeba is a community collection of sentences, many translated from other languages. The Esperanto sentences come from 947 contributors, and three sentences have no listed owner.
2. **Words.** Every run of letters is one word, which gives 5,831,657 words. Spellings with *cx*, *gx* and so on were turned into *ĉ*, *ĝ*; abbreviations such as *s-ro* were expanded to *sinjoro*.
3. **Dictionary forms.** We removed plural *-j* and accusative *-n*. All verb forms (*-as, -is, -os, -us, -u*) count under the infinitive in *-i*, and forms such as *min* and *miajn* count under *mi* and *mia*. Words derived with affixes stay separate: *bona*, *bone* and *malbona* are three entries.
4. **Real words only.** A form counts only if its dictionary form is in the headword lists of ESPDIC, the Reta Vortaro or Wiktionary, or if our word-building analyser can split it into known roots and affixes.
5. **Names left out.** Words written with a capital letter inside a sentence more often than with a small letter (*Maria*, *Bostono*, *Japanio*) were removed as names. Four ordinary words that are capitalised by custom stay: *Esperanto*, *Dio* "God", *Kristnasko* "Christmas" and *Interreto* "the Internet".
6. **At least 30 contributors.** A word must occur in sentences by at least 30 different contributors. This removes words that one person repeats in template sentences: 478 of the 511 sentences containing a form of *kaleŝo* "carriage" come from a single contributor.
7. **Ranking.** Words are ranked by the number of times they occur. `per_million` is that number divided by 5,831,657 and multiplied by one million.
8. **Meanings.** The English meanings come from the English Wiktionary and ESPDIC, shortened and edited by us; the meanings of grammar words are our own.

## Limits of this list

- **Tatoeba is a corpus of sentences, not of spoken Esperanto.** The sentences are written, short and mostly about everyday life, and many are translations. Novels, news and speech would give a different order.
- **A few contributors wrote much of it.** The three most active contributors wrote 44.9% of the sentences. The 30-contributor rule limits their influence on single words but does not remove it.
- **Meanings are short glosses, not definitions.** Many words have several senses; use the [dictionary](https://esperantopedia.org/dictionary/) for the full picture.
- **Each form is a separate word.** *bono* "good thing", *bona* "good" and *bone* "well" are three entries. Counting roots would give a shorter list.
- **Names and numbers are not covered.** Names are left out, and digits are not words in this count.

## Common questions

### How many words do I need in Esperanto?

The first 500 words cover 72.2% of the words in everyday Esperanto sentences, 1,000 words cover 78.4% and 2,000 words cover 84.0%. Because Esperanto builds many words from roots and affixes, you can understand more words than you have memorised. See [word building](https://esperantopedia.org/grammar/word-building/).

### How many words are in Esperanto?

There is no official count, because speakers can form new words from roots and affixes. The ESPDIC dictionary lists 63,895 entries (file of 6 October 2024). The Reta Vortaro had 13,094 articles with 32,762 derived words on 7 October 2026. The Tatoeba corpus used here contains 157,389 different word forms, before they are reduced to dictionary forms.

### Is there an Esperanto word list as PDF or CSV?

Yes, as CSV and as an Anki file: [CSV](/downloads/esperanto-1000-common-words.csv) and [Anki](/downloads/esperanto-1000-common-words-anki.txt) with 1,000 words, meanings and frequencies. We do not offer a PDF. The CSV opens in any spreadsheet program, and you can print from there.

### What are the most common Esperanto words?

The ten most common are *la* "the", *mi* "I", *esti* "to be", *vi* "you", *ne* "no, not", *li* "he", *de* "of, from", *al* "to", *en* "in" and *ke* "that". Together they make up 26.9% of all words in the corpus.

### Which Esperanto words should I learn first?

Start with the grammar words in the first 100: pronouns, the article, prepositions, conjunctions and correlatives. Grammar words make up 44.4% of all words in the corpus. Then add the most common verbs and nouns from the tables above. The [Basic phrases](https://esperantopedia.org/phrases/basic/) page shows common words in short everyday phrases.

## Sources

- [Tatoeba: downloads](https://tatoeba.org/en/downloads) – file `epo_sentences_detailed.tsv.bz2`, exported per language, downloaded 7 October 2026
- [Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 France (Tatoeba sentences)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/fr/)
- [Wiktionary: Esperanto lemmas (CC BY-SA 4.0)](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Esperanto_lemmas)
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