Esperantopedia

Phrases

Hobbies and sports in Esperanto – football, music, phrases

Sport and hobby words, the verb ludi for games and instruments, and four suffixes that build the rest.

Updated: 5 min read

Football in Esperanto is futbalo or piedpilkado, and a hobby is a ŝatokupo or hobio. You "play" a sport or an instrument with the verb ludi: Mi ludas tenison "I play tennis", Mi ludas pianon "I play the piano". To say what you like doing, put ŝati before an infinitive: Mi ŝatas naĝi "I like to swim". Pronunciation guides split words into syllables, with the stressed syllable in capitals.

Sports and games

EnglishEsperantoPronunciationNote
sportsportoSPOR-to
football, soccerfutbalo, piedpilkadofut-BA-lo, pi-ed-pil-KA-dosee below
basketballbasketbalo, korbopilkadobas-ket-BA-lo, kor-bo-pil-KA-dokorbo "basket"
volleyballvolejbalo, flugpilkadovo-lej-BA-lo, flug-pil-KA-do
handballhandbalo, manpilkadohand-BA-lo, man-pil-KA-do
tennistenisote-NI-sotabloteniso "table tennis"
golfgolfo, golfludoGOL-fo, golf-LU-dogolfo also means "gulf"
hockeyhokeoho-KE-o
rugbyrugbeorug-BE-o
cricketkriketokri-KE-to
baseballbazpilko, bazopilkobaz-PIL-ko, ba-zo-PIL-ko
swimmingnaĝadona-ĜA-dofrom naĝi
runningkuradoku-RA-dofrom kuri
cyclingbicikladobi-ci-KLA-dofrom bicikli
skiingskiadoski-A-dofrom skii
athleticsatletikoat-le-TI-ko
gymnasticsgimnastikogim-nas-TI-ko
judoĵudoĴU-do
chessŝakoŜA-koalso the word for "check"

Futbalo or piedpilkado?

Both words name the same sport, and ReVo lists both. Futbalo is the international word; piedpilkado is built from parts: pied·pilk·ad·o, "foot + ball + continued action". ReVo notes that the style guide Vortoj de la bona lingvo prefers the compound, but speakers use both. Basketball, volleyball and handball have the same pair.

Piedpilko without -ad- is the ball itself, and by extension the game: ludi piedpilkon. A football player is a futbalisto. Esperanto does not split "soccer" and "football"; for the American game, ReVo's quotations use usona futbalo.

Playing with ludi

Ludi works with or without an object. A sport or game takes the object ending -n (see the accusative and transitive and intransitive verbs). As in English, a sport in general needs no article: ludi futbalon.

UseEsperantoEnglish
a sportMi ludas tenison.I play tennis.
a board gameNi ludu ŝakon.Let's play chess.
an instrumentLi bone ludas la violonon.He plays the violin well.
an instrument, with surVi ludas sur piano, ĉu ne?You play the piano, don't you?
no objectLa infanoj ludas ekstere.The children are playing outside.
with someoneMi volas ludi kun vi.I want to play with you.

Instruments allow two patterns, both normal: an object (ludi gitaron) or sur (ludi sur la gitaro, as ReVo quotes). "Go swimming" and "go skiing" use iri plus an infinitive: Ni iru skii "Let's go skiing".

Verbs for sport

EnglishEsperantoPronunciationExample
to swimnaĝiNA-ĝiIli ŝatas naĝi. – They like to swim.
to runkuriKU-riĈiumatene ŝi iras kuri. – She goes running every morning.
to ride a bicyclebiciklibi-CI-kliNi kune biciklas. – We bike together.
to skiskiiSKI-iMi ŝategas skii. – I love skiing.
to skatesketiSKE-tiMi ne scipovas sketi. – I can't skate.
to climbgrimpiGRIM-piMi ŝatas grimpi en la montoj. – I like climbing in the mountains.
to do sportssportumispor-TU-miMi sportumas ĉiutage. – I exercise every day.
to traintrejniTREJ-niPor gajni necesas trejni sin. – To win, you must train.
to win, beatvenkiVEN-kiKiu teamo venkis? – Which team won?
to win, gaingajniGAJ-niKiu gajnis la ludon? – Who won the game?
to loseperdiPER-diNi perdis la matĉon. – We lost the match.
to scoregoliGO-liŜi golis dufoje. – She scored twice.

ReVo notes that the guide above prefers glitkuri to sketi. Venki is "to defeat" and takes the loser as its object: Nia teamo venkis la kontraŭulojn "Our team beat the opponents". Use venki en for the contest: Ni venkis en la matĉo. Gajni is "to win something", such as a game or a prize.

Teams, matches and results

EnglishEsperantoPronunciation
teamteamote-A-mo
matchmatĉoMAT-ĉo
tournamentturnirotur-NI-ro
championĉampionoĉam-pi-O-no
spectatorspektantospek-TAN-to
sports stadiumstadionosta-di-O-no
victory, defeatvenko, malvenkoVEN-ko, mal-VEN-ko
pointpoentopo-EN-to

Watch stadio: in ReVo it means "stage, phase" (and an ancient Greek unit of length). The sports ground is stadiono.

Four suffixes for sport and hobby words

SuffixMeaningExamples
-ad-lasting or repeated actionnaĝi → naĝado, legi → legado, danci → dancado
-ist-a person often busy with itfutbalisto, pianisto, biciklisto, skiisto
-ej-a place made for itnaĝejo, tenisejo, sportejo, dancejo, koncertejo
-um-no fixed meaningsportumi, ĝardenumi

-ad-. PMEG says that after an action root, -ad- shows an action that lasts long or happens often. That makes naĝado "swimming" as an activity, and it works as a noun: Biciklado estas tre amuza "Cycling is a lot of fun". Mia hobio estas skiado "My hobby is skiing."

-ist-. PMEG defines it as a person who often takes part in something, perhaps as a job; its example is biciklisto. ReVo defines dancisto as someone who dances professionally. For a plain statement about yourself, a verb is safer: Mi ludas pianon. More in jobs and professions.

-ej-. PMEG: what comes before -ej- is what happens in the place. Tenisejo is where tennis is played, naĝejo a swimming pool.

-um-. PMEG says -um- has no defined meaning: you learn each word, and it advises great care with new ones. ReVo has sportumi and ĝardenumi. Details on all four are in suffixes.

Hobbies and free time

Ŝatokupo is literally a "liked occupation": ReVo defines it as one in which you like to spend your free time. ReVo marks hobio as a neologism and notes that the guide above prefers ŝatokupo.

EnglishEsperantoPronunciationNote
hobbyŝatokupo, hobioŝa-to-KU-po, ho-BI-o
free timelibertempo, libera tempoli-ber-TEM-po, li-BE-ra TEM-po
to readlegiLE-gilegado "reading"
to singkantiKAN-tikanto "song"
to dancedanciDAN-ci
to cookkuiriku-I-ri
to take photosfotografi, fotifo-to-GRA-fi, FO-ti
to gardenĝardenumiĝar-de-NU-miReVo: to tend a garden, especially as an amateur
to collect stampskolekti poŝtmarkojnko-LEK-ti poŝt-MAR-kojn
to play chessludi ŝakonLU-di ŜA-kon
to play cardskartludikart-LU-di
to play video gamesludi videoludojnLU-di vi-de-o-LU-dojn
to paintpentriPEN-tri
to drawdesegnide-SEG-ni
to watch a show or filmspektiSPEK-ti
to travelvojaĝivo-JA-ĝi

Music and instruments

EnglishEsperantoPronunciation
musicmuzikomu-ZI-ko
to make musicmuzikimu-ZI-ki
songkantoKAN-to
singerkantistokan-TIS-to
musicianmuzikistomu-zi-KIS-to
concertkoncertokon-CER-to
orchestraorkestroor-KES-tro
choirĥoro, korusoĤO-ro, ko-RU-so
jazzĵazoĴA-zo
musical instrumentinstrumentoin-stru-MEN-to
EnglishEsperantoPronunciation
pianopianopi-A-no
guitargitarogi-TA-ro
violinviolonovi-o-LO-no
fluteflutoFLU-to
drumtamburotam-BU-ro
trumpettrumpetotrum-PE-to
saxophonesaksofonosak-so-FO-no
accordionakordionoa-kor-di-O-no
organorgenoor-GE-no

Examples: Mi lernas ludi gitaron "I'm learning to play the guitar"; Li ludas sur tamburo "He plays the drum." For Esperanto songs and bands see music and film.

Saying what you like

Ŝati takes a noun in the accusative or the infinitive of another verb. ReVo gives Ĉu vi ŝatas danci? as its example for "doing something willingly". The infinitive never changes, and the same is true after scipovi, lerni and voli. See verbs.

PatternEsperantoEnglish
ŝati + nounMi ŝatas tenison.I like tennis.
ŝati + infinitiveNi ŝatas ludi futbalon.We like playing football.
more thanMi ŝatas naĝi pli ol kuri.I like swimming more than running.
plaĉi, roles swappedNaĝado plaĉas al mi.I like swimming.
scipovi "can"Mi scipovas ludi pianon.I can play the piano.
negativeMi ne ŝatas sporton.I don't like sport.

PMEG explains that with ŝati the one who enjoys is the subject, while with plaĉi the thing enjoyed is the subject and the person comes after al. Feelings and emotions compares ŝati, plaĉi and ami.

Talking about your free time

EsperantoEnglish
Kion vi ŝatas fari en via libera tempo?What do you like to do in your free time?
Mi ŝatas legi kaj naĝi.I like reading and swimming.
Mia ŝatokupo estas kolekti poŝtmarkojn.My hobby is collecting stamps.
Kiun sporton vi plej ŝatas?Which sport do you like best?
Ĉu vi ludas iun instrumenton?Do you play an instrument?
Mi ludas neniun instrumenton.I don't play any instrument.
Kiu teamo venkis?Which team won?
Mi ne ŝatas sporton, sed mi ŝatas spekti futbalajn matĉojn.I don't like sport, but I like watching football matches.

Common questions

How do you say football in Esperanto?

Futbalo or piedpilkado; ReVo lists both. A football player is futbalisto, and American football is usona futbalo.

What is "hobby" in Esperanto?

Ŝatokupo ("liked occupation") or hobio. To ask, say Kio estas via ŝatokupo?

How do you say "I play the piano" in Esperanto?

Mi ludas pianon, or Mi ludas sur piano. Use ludi for every instrument: ludi gitaron, ludi la violonon.

How do you say "I like swimming" in Esperanto?

Mi ŝatas naĝi, with ŝati and the infinitive. The noun is naĝado: Naĝado plaĉas al mi.

How do you say swimming, cycling and skiing in Esperanto?

Naĝado, biciklado and skiado: add -ad- to the verb root. A person is a biciklisto or skiisto, a place a naĝejo.

Sources

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