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Phrases

Clothes in Esperanto – clothing words and shop phrases

Most Esperanto clothing words are short regular roots, and three verbs cover the rest: porti "wear", surmeti "put on" and vesti "dress".

Updated: 4 min read

Clothes in Esperanto are vestoj, from vesto "clothing, a garment", and one piece of clothing is a vestaĵo. You wear clothes with porti or surhavi, put them on with surmeti and dress someone with vesti. Pronunciation guides split words into syllables, with the stressed syllable in capitals.

Everyday clothes

EnglishEsperantoPronunciationNote
clothes, clothingvestoj, vestoVES-toj, VES-tovesto is also one garment
shirtĉemizoĉe-MI-zoWorn over or under other clothes
blousebluzoBLU-zo
sweaterpulovero, sveteropu-lo-VE-ro, sve-TE-rotrikjako is a cardigan
jacketjakoJA-koOpens at the front; jaketo is short
coatmantelo, paltoman-TE-lo, PAL-topalto is an overcoat; pluvmantelo a raincoat
waistcoatveŝtoVEŜ-toSleeveless, usually under a jacket
trousers, pantspantalonopan-ta-LO-noOne garment, so singular
jeansĝinzoĜIN-zoReVo also spells it ĵinzo
shortspantaloneto, ŝortopan-ta-lo-NE-to, ŜOR-to
skirtjupoJU-po
dressroboRO-boSee the false friends below
suitkostumo, vestokompletokos-TU-mo, ves-to-kom-PLE-to

Underwear, nightwear and swimwear

EnglishEsperantoPronunciationNote
underwearsubvestosub-VES-toWorn under visible clothes
underpantskalsonokal-SO-no
bramamzonomam-ZO-nomamo "breast" + zono
pajamaspiĵamopi-ĴA-moĵ sounds like s in "measure"
swimsuitbankostumoban-kos-TU-mobani "to bathe"

Shoes, hats and accessories

EnglishEsperantoPronunciationNote
shoeŝuoŜU-oOne shoe; a pair is paro da ŝuoj
bootbotoBO-toReVo: a high shoe up to the knee
sandalsandalosan-DA-lo
sockŝtrumpetoŝtrum-PE-toShort; also duonŝtrumpo
stockingŝtrumpoŜTRUM-poReVo: knitted, about knee-high
hatĉapeloĉa-PE-loHas a brim
capĉapoĈA-poNo brim; kaskedo has a visor
tiekravatokra-VA-to
beltzonoZO-noA strip around the waist
glovegantoGAN-toOne glove; a pair is paro da gantoj
scarf, shawlŝaloŜA-loWorn on the shoulders

Parts and materials

EnglishEsperantoPronunciation
buttonbutonobu-TO-no
pocketpoŝoPO-ŝo
sleevemanikoma-NI-ko
collarkolumoko-LU-mo
zipzipoZI-po
fabricŝtofoŜTO-fo
woollanoLA-no
cottonkotonoko-TO-no
silksilkoSIL-ko
leatherledoLE-do

A material becomes an adjective with -a: lana ŝalo "a woollen shawl", kotona ĉemizo "a cotton shirt", leda jako "a leather jacket". Most words here come from the 1905 Fundamento. Robo, palto, bluzo, sandalo, piĵamo, zipo and kaskedo are later Official Additions, while pulovero, svetero, ŝorto and ĝinzo are in ReVo but not marked official.

False friends for English speakers

English wordEsperantoWhat it means
vestvestoClothing or a garment. A waistcoat (US "vest") is veŝto
roberoboReVo: a long robe, and a one-piece dress, mostly women's. A dressing gown is ĉambra robo
suitkostumoReVo: dress typical of a nation, class, period or job, so closer to "costume". A matching set is vestokompleto
pantspantalonoTrousers. British "pants" are kalsono

Verbs for clothes

EnglishEsperantoPronunciationNote
to dress (someone)vestiVES-tiNeeds an object
to get dressedvestiĝi, vesti sinves-TI-ĝi
to get undressedsenvestiĝisen-ves-TI-ĝi
to put onsurmetisur-ME-tiThe act of putting on
to take offdemetide-ME-tiThe opposite of surmeti
to wearporti, surhaviPOR-ti, sur-HA-viA state
to try onsurprovi, provisur-PRO-vi, PRO-vi
to button, unbuttonbutonumi, malbutonumibu-to-NU-mi, mal-bu-to-NU-mibutoni is a shorter variant

Porti, surhavi or surmeti?

Surmeti is the moment of putting something on. Porti and surhavi describe wearing it. Porti also means "carry", so Li portas la mantelon can mean he wears the coat or carries it; surhavi ("have on oneself" in ReVo) can only mean wearing.

VerbExampleEnglish
surmetiMi surmetas la mantelon.I put the coat on.
portiŜi ofte portas verdan ĉapelon.She often wears a green hat.
surhaviLi surhavas novan jakon.He has a new jacket on.
demetiMi demetas la ŝuojn ĉe la pordo.I take my shoes off at the door.

Vesti needs an object, like English "dress": Ŝi vestas la infanon. "She dresses the child." For yourself use vestiĝi or vesti sin: La infano vestiĝas mem. "The child gets dressed alone." The difference is explained in -ig- and -iĝ-, and sin in pronouns.

Building clothing words

The main word comes last: kap·vest·o is "head-garment". More in word building, prefixes and suffixes.

PatternExamplesEnglish
X·vestokapvesto, piedvesto, noktovesto, survestoheadgear, footwear, nightwear, outer clothing
-aĵ-vestaĵo, trikaĵoa piece of clothing, knitwear
-ar-vestaroa whole set of clothes
-ej-vestejo, vestvendejo, kudrejocloakroom, clothes shop, sewing workshop
ŝrankovestoŝrankowardrobe (the cupboard)
-ist-kudristo, botisto, gantistotailor, bootmaker, glovemaker
-uj-monujowallet, "money container"
mal-malvesti, malbutonumi, mallongaundress, unbutton, short

PMEG's example for -aĵ- is tolo → tolaĵo "something made of linen"; for -ej- it gives ĉapelejo "a hat shop or a place where hats are kept".

Sizes and colours

EnglishEsperantoPronunciation
biggrandaGRAN-da
smallmalgrandamal-GRAN-da
longlongaLON-ga
shortmallongamal-LON-ga
widelarĝaLAR-ĝa
narrowmallarĝamal-LAR-ĝa
newnovaNO-va
oldmalnovamal-NO-va

Adjectives agree with the noun: Ĉi tiuj ŝuoj estas tro malgrandaj. "These shoes are too small." For "longer" use pli: Mi serĉas pli longan jupon. "I am looking for a longer skirt." See comparison and the accusative. Colours are adjectives too: ruĝa jupo, helblua ĉemizo. The colours page lists them with shades.

Phrases for buying clothes

Looking and trying on

EsperantoEnglish
Mi serĉas nigran jakon.I am looking for a black jacket.
Ĉu mi povas provi ĝin?May I try it on?
Kie estas la provbudo?Where is the fitting room?
Ĉu vi havas ĝin en alia koloro?Do you have it in another colour?
Ĉu vi havas ĝin en pli granda mezuro?Do you have it in a larger size?

ReVo defines provbudo as the booth in a clothes shop for trying clothes on. Surprovi is the exact verb, but plain provi is common too.

Size and fit

EsperantoEnglish
Kiu estas via mezuro?What is your size?
Ĝi estas tro granda.It is too big.
Ili estas tro mallongaj.They are too short.
Tiu jako bone sidas al vi.That jacket looks good on you.

Here sidi means to suit in appearance (ReVo). Mezuro, literally "measurement", is used for clothing size.

Price and paying

EsperantoEnglish
Kiom ĝi kostas?How much does it cost?
Ĝi estas tro multekosta.It is too expensive.
Ĉu vi povas doni rabaton?Can you give a discount?
Mi prenos ĝin.I will take it.
Ĉu mi povas pagi per karto?Can I pay by card?
Ĉu mi povas interŝanĝi ĝin?Can I exchange it?

A shop is a butiko or vendejo, a shopkeeper a butikisto. A clothes shop is a vestvendejo (ReVo's word) or vestobutiko. For several things use ilin: Mi prenos ilin.

What are you wearing?

EsperantoEnglish
Hodiaŭ mi portas bluan ĉemizon kaj grizan pantalonon.Today I am wearing a blue shirt and grey trousers.
Kion vi surmetos hodiaŭ?What will you put on today?
Ekstere estas malvarme, surmetu vian mantelon!It is cold outside, put your coat on!

What to wear in each season is on the weather and seasons page.

Common questions

How do you say "clothes" in Esperanto?

Vestoj. One piece is a vestaĵo. "To wear" is porti or surhavi: Mi portas ruĝan robon. "I am wearing a red dress."

How do you say "dress" in Esperanto?

The garment is robo: Ŝi surhavas ruĝan robon. The verb "to dress" is vesti.

What is the difference between porti and surmeti?

Surmeti means to put clothes on, porti and surhavi mean to wear them. Demeti takes them off.

How do you ask "Can I try this on?" in Esperanto?

Ĉu mi povas provi ĝin? or, more exactly, Ĉu mi povas surprovi ĝin?

Is pantalono singular or plural?

Singular. A pair of trousers is one garment, unu pantalono, and two pairs are du pantalonoj. The same holds for kalsono, ŝorto and ĝinzo. Shoes, gloves and stockings work the other way: ŝuo, ganto and ŝtrumpo are one item each, so a pair is paro da ŝuoj.

Sources

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