Esperantopedia

Phrases

Music, art and culture in Esperanto: words and phrases

Name the arts, the people who practise them and the places where you enjoy them – a few roots and a handful of suffixes cover most of it.

Updated: 4 min read

Music in Esperanto is muziko, a song is kanto, a painting is pentraĵo, a film is filmo and a book is libro. You play an instrument with ludi, listen to music with aŭskulti and watch a play or film with spekti. Words for people, places and works grow from one root: pentri "to paint" gives pentristo "painter" and pentraĵo "painting". Pronunciation guides split words into syllables, with the stressed syllable in capitals. Hobby basics such as ŝati and ludi are on hobbies and sports; this page adds the wider vocabulary.

Music and singing

EnglishEsperantoPronunciationNote
musicmuzikomu-ZI-koadjective muzika
to make musicmuzikimu-ZI-kiwith voice or instrument (ReVo)
songkantoKAN-to
to singkantiKAN-tikantado "singing"
singerkantistokan-TIS-to
songwriterkantverkistokant-ver-KIS-tokanto + verkisto
piece of musicmuzikaĵomu-zi-KA-ĵo
to composekomponikom-PO-niReVo: also for poems and novels
composerkomponistokom-po-NIS-to
concertkoncertokon-CER-to
orchestraorkestroor-KES-tro
conductordirigentodi-ri-GEN-to
choirĥoro, korusoĤO-ro, ko-RU-soReVo defines koruso as ĥoro
music group, bandmuzikgrupomu-zik-GRU-po
operaoperoo-PE-rooperejo "opera house"
symphonysimfoniosim-fo-NI-o
jazzĵazoĴA-zo
rock musicrokmuzikorok-mu-ZI-koroko alone is a large rock (ReVo)
raprepoRE-po
folk songpopolkantopo-pol-KAN-to
lullabylulkantolul-KAN-to

Musical instruments

EnglishEsperantoPronunciationNote
musical instrumentmuzikilo, muzikinstrumentomu-zi-KI-lo, mu-zi-kin-stru-MEN-toinstrumento alone also means a tool
pianopianopi-A-noplayer: pianisto
organorgenoor-GE-noorgano is a body organ
synthesizersintezilosin-te-ZI-lo
guitargitarogi-TA-roplayer: gitaristo
violinviolonovi-o-LO-noplayer: violonisto
celloviolonĉelovi-o-lon-ĈE-lo
double basskontrabasokon-tra-BA-so
harpharpoHAR-po
fluteflutoFLU-to
clarinetklarnetoklar-NE-to
oboehobojoho-BO-jo
bassoonfagotofa-GO-to
trumpettrumpetotrum-PE-toplayer: trumpetisto
trombonetrombonotrom-BO-no
saxophonesaksofonosak-so-FO-no
accordionakordionoa-kor-di-O-no
drumtamburotam-BU-rodrummer: tamburisto

To say you play an instrument, use ludi with the object ending -n: Dick ludis pianon kaj Lucy kantis "Dick played the piano and Lucy sang." A wish works the same way: Mi ĉiam volis lerni ludi tamburon "I've always wanted to learn to play the drums." ReVo also quotes ludi sur la gitaro; see the accusative. A player takes -ist-, but ReVo defines violonisto as a professional, so for a hobby the verb is safer: Mi ludas gitaron.

Art, painting and museums

EnglishEsperantoPronunciationNote
artartoAR-tobelarto "fine art"
artistartistoar-TIS-to
to paint (a picture)pentriPEN-trishows something in lines and colours
paintingpentraĵopen-TRA-ĵo
painterpentristopen-TRIS-to
paintfarboFAR-bofarbi "to colour with paint"
brushpenikope-NI-ko
to drawdesegnide-SEG-ni
drawingdesegnaĵode-seg-NA-ĵo
to sculptskulptiSKULP-ti
sculptureskulptaĵoskulp-TA-ĵothe art: skulptarto
sculptorskulptistoskulp-TIS-to
statuestatuosta-TU-o
picture, imagebildoBIL-do
portraitportretopor-TRE-to
landscapepejzaĝopej-ZA-ĝo
photofotoFO-toReVo: now used more than fotaĵo
to photographfotografifo-to-GRA-ficamera: fotilo
museummuzeomu-ZE-o
gallerygalerioga-le-RI-oart gallery (ReVo)
exhibitionekspozicioeks-po-zi-CI-o

Desegni draws forms with lines, pentri uses colours, and farbi covers a surface, as in ReVo's blankfarba muro "a white-painted wall".

Theatre, film and television

EnglishEsperantoPronunciationNote
theatreteatrote-A-tro
playteatraĵote-a-TRA-ĵo
actor, actressaktoro, aktorinoak-TO-ro, ak-to-RI-no-in- makes it female
roleroloRO-loludi la rolon de Hamleto (ReVo)
stagescenejosce-NE-jo
scenario, screenplayscenarosce-NA-roReVo: outline of a play or film
directorreĝisorore-ĝi-SO-ro
performance, showspektaklospek-TA-klo
viewer, spectatorspektantospek-TAN-to
drama, comedy, tragedydramo, komedio, tragedioDRA-mo, ko-me-DI-o, tra-ge-DI-o
ticketbiletobi-LE-to
to applaudaplaŭdia-PLAŬ-diaplaŭdo "applause"
filmfilmoFIL-mofilmi "to film"
cinema (the art)kinoKI-no"the movies"
cinema (the building)kinejoki-NE-joReVo also lists kinoteatro
filmmakerfilmistofil-MIS-to
cartoondesegnofilmode-seg-no-FIL-mo
televisiontelevidote-le-VI-do

Books and literature

EnglishEsperantoPronunciationNote
booklibroLI-bro
novelromanoro-MA-noalso "a Roman" (ReVo)
short storynovelono-VE-loReVo: usually under 50 pages
storyrakontora-KON-to
fairy talefabelofa-BE-lo
poempoemopo-E-mo
poetrypoeziopo-e-ZI-o
poetpoetopo-E-to
verse, rhymeverso, rimoVER-so, RI-mo
to write (a work)verkiVER-kiverko "a work"
writer, authorverkisto, aŭtorover-KIS-to, aŭ-TO-ro
chapterĉapitroĉa-PI-tro
to readlegiLE-gilegado "reading"
librarybibliotekobi-bli-o-TE-ko
bookshoplibrejoli-BRE-jo
publishereldonejoel-do-NE-joeldoni "to publish"

Verbs for listening, watching and making

VerbMeaningExample
kantito singĈu vi povas kanti tiun kanton? – Can you sing this song?
aŭskultito listenMi aŭskultas muzikon en la aŭto. – I listen to music in the car.
aŭdito hearMi aŭskultis sed mi aŭdis nenion. – I listened, but I heard nothing.
spektito watch a showNi spektis novan elsendon en televido. – We watched a new programme on television.
pentrito paintMia ŝatokupo estas pentri sovaĝajn florojn. – My hobby is painting wild flowers.
komponito composeKiom da simfonioj komponis Betoveno? – How many symphonies did Beethoven write?
verkito write a workĈu tiun ĉi libron verkis vi? – Did you write this book?
legito readDum la manĝo mi legis libron. – I read a book during the meal.

ReVo defines aŭskulti as paying attention in order to hear, and aŭdi as perceiving with the ears. Spekti is for something performed or shown: ReVo describes watching and listening to what is presented in a theatre, cinema or circus. Rigardi is to direct your eyes at something.

From root to person, place and work

SuffixMeaning (PMEG)Examples
-ist-a person often busy with it, perhaps as a jobpentristo, skulptisto, kantisto, verkisto
-aĵ-a concrete thingpentraĵo, desegnaĵo, teatraĵo, muzikaĵo
-ej-a place made for itkoncertejo, kinejo, scenejo, librejo
-il-a tool or instrumentmuzikilo, fotilo, sintezilo
-ar-a whole made of manyverkaro "all works of one author", kantaro "songbook"
-ad-a continuing actionkantado, legado, pentrado
-ind-deserves to be donevidinda "worth seeing", leginda "worth reading"

Learn one root and you get the family: kanti gives kanto, kantisto and kantado. See suffixes and word building.

Useful phrases

EsperantoEnglish
Kian muzikon vi ŝatas?What kind of music do you like?
Mi ŝatas ĵazon, sed mi ne ŝatas rokmuzikon.I like jazz, but I don't like rock music.
Mi ludas gitaron.I play the guitar.
Kiom kostas bileto por la koncerto?How much is a ticket for the concert?
Kie estas la plej proksima muzeo?Where is the nearest museum?
Mi ŝatas pentri pejzaĝojn.I like painting landscapes.
Ĉu la ekspozicio plaĉis al vi?Did you like the exhibition?
Ĉu vi iras al la kinejo?Are you going to the cinema?
Kiu estas via plej ŝatata aktoro?Who is your favourite actor?
Kion vi legas nun?What are you reading now?
Tiu libro estas leginda.That book is worth reading.

Kian muzikon? asks for the kind of music; Kiun muzikon? would ask which one out of a known set (see correlatives). In Ĉu la ekspozicio plaĉis al vi? the exhibition is the subject and the person comes after al; see feelings for plaĉi and ŝati.

Esperanto's own music, films and books

Esperanto has a culture of its own. The record label Vinilkosmo has published Esperanto albums since 1990, the festival KEF began in 1986, and Angoroj (1964) is the first feature film made entirely in Esperanto. Zamenhof's translation Hamleto appeared in 1894, and Claude Piron's Gerda malaperis! (1983) is a detective novel written for learners. Read more on music and film and Esperanto literature. To start a conversation: Ĉu vi konas grupon, kiu kantas en Esperanto? – "Do you know a band that sings in Esperanto?"

Common questions

How do you say "I play the guitar" in Esperanto?

Mi ludas gitaron. Use ludi with -n for every instrument: ludi pianon, ludi violonon. The form with sur also exists: ludi sur la gitaro.

What is the difference between aŭskulti and aŭdi?

Aŭskulti is to listen on purpose; aŭdi is to hear. Mi aŭskultis sed mi aŭdis nenion means "I listened, but I heard nothing."

How do you say "painter", "painting" and "sculptor" in Esperanto?

Pentristo, pentraĵo and skulptisto. Add -ist- to the root for the person and -aĵ- for the thing made.

What is "cinema" in Esperanto?

Kinejo is the building where films are shown; kino is the art of film, as in Vi ŝatas kinon, ĉu ne? "You like the movies, don't you?"

What is the Esperanto word for "novel"?

Romano. A short story is novelo, a story rakonto and a poem poemo. The author is a verkisto or aŭtoro.

Sources

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